Journal of higher education curriculum studies

Journal of higher education curriculum studies

The Challenges of Doing an Internship in Iran; Connecting the Path to the Rhizome (Case Study: Training and Human Resource Development Field)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors
Atefeh Nasirihamrah 1
Kourosh Fathi Vajargah 2
Rouhollah Aghasaleh, 3
Saeid Safaei Movahhed 4
Mahmood Haghani 5
1 Doctoral student of higher education curriculum, Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, School of Education, California Polytechnic State University, Arcita, California, USA.
4 Human resource training and development consultant of National Iranian Oil Company.
5 Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
10.22034/hecs.2024.167276
Abstract
This article examines the challenges that interns face during the internship process in Iranian organizations. The internship is one of the university application programs to establish a relationship with society's service and economic sectors. Universities try to improve students' skills through these programs to prepare them for the workplace. A fundamentalist thought that an internship is not an opportunity to create knowledge but a tool to acquire specific tasks and skills. With a post-qualitative analysis and a post-structuralist approach, this article has identified the structures, mental patterns, and dominant discourses that have prevented internships. For this purpose, in the present research, 12 interns in the field of Training and Human Resource Development and 29 managers and employees of public and private organizations in Tehran were canvassed. The results showed that what is implemented in the internships varies from the official dimensions and drawn goals. A critical reflection shows that behind this dramatic image are hidden curricula that confront us with what happens in the internship process. We hope that knowing these mental patterns and dominant discourses will help the members of Iranian organizations and the interns in this field to free themselves from the control of such discourses to provide an opportunity for the interns to make the internship process not a linear and fundamentalist path but in a Rhizomatic approach for the construction of knowledge.
Keywords
Higher Education
Post-Qualitative Inquiry
University-Industry Relationship
Iranian Organizations
Deleuze and Guattari
Rhizome
Foucault

  1. Abolhasan, H., Alizadeh Sani, M., Fazlollahi, Y., & Maleki Savadkoohi, A. (2013). A Study on Interns' Attitudes Towards Internship Courses: The Case of Mazandaran University Students. National Conference on Internships, A Gateway to Effective Industry-Academia Collaboration. University of Mazandaran. https://civilica.com/doc/280589. (in persian)

    Aghasaleh, R. (2016). Does my body lower your science grade?: a feminist deconstruction of" distraction" in coeducational schooling (Doctoral dissertation, University of Georgia).

    Ahanchian, M., Sharafi, S., Vafaee, M., & Hajiabadi, F. (2017). Evaluate the Effectiveness of internship program in nursing student using Kirkpatrick's model. Research in Medical Education, 9(1), 17-9. (in persian)

    Aghasaleh, R., & St Pierre, E. A. (2014). A reader’s guide to post-qualitative inquiry proposals.

    Bogue, R. (2004). Search, swim and see: Deleuze's apprenticeship in signs and pedagogy of images. Educational philosophy and theory, 36(3), 327-342.

    Calvo, R., & D’Amato, R. (2015). A collaborative method of enhancing internships evaluation through stakeholders’ alignment. Procedia engineering, 132, 167-174.

    Chen, T. L., Shen, C. C., & Gosling, M. (2018). Does employability increase with internship satisfaction? Enhanced employability and internship satisfaction in a hospitality program. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 22, 88-99.

    Cuff, E. C., Dennis, A. J., Francis, D. W., & Sharrock, W. W. (2006). Perspectives in sociology. Routledge.

    Deleuze G. Félix Guattari. )1993(. A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia. Translated Brian Massumi.

    Deleuze, G. (1988). Foucault. U of Minnesota Press.

    Deleuze, G. (1991). Empiricism and subjectivity: An essay on Hume's theory of human nature. Columbia University Press.

    Deleuze, G. (1994). Différence et repetition. Paris: PUF. Trans. Patton, P. Difference and Repetition. New York: Columbia University Press. (Orig. pub. 1968.)

    Deleuze, G. (2004). Difference and Repetition (trans. P. Patton)(London: Continuum). The Power of the Particular. (Orig. pub. 1968.)

    Deleuze, G. (2006). Two Regimes of Madness, ed., David Lapoujade. trans. Ames Hodges & Mike Taormina. (Orig. pub. 1975–1995)

    Deleuze, G., & Guattari, F. (1983). Anti-Oedipus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia. 1972. Trans. Robert Hurley, Mark Seem, and Helen R. Lane. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P.

    Deleuze, G., & Guattari, F. (1994). What is philosophy?(G. Burchell & H. Tomlinson, Trans.). London and New York: Verso.

    Deleuze, G., & Parnet, C. (1977/2007). Dialogues II.(H. Tomlinson & B. Habberjam, Trans.) New York.

    Derrida, J. (1981). Positions University of Chicago Press.

    Doll, W. E. (2002). Beyond Methods? Teaching As an Aesthetic and Spritful Quest. Passion and Pedagogy Relation, Creation and Transformation in Teaching, Peter Lang, New York, 127-152.

    Dreyfus, H. L., & Rabinow, P. (2014). Michel Foucault: Beyond structuralism and hermeneutics. Routledge.

    Doosti Hajiabadi, H., Fathi Vajargah, K., & Khorasani, A. (2017). Conceptualizing of workplace curriculum discourses; Neglected or emerging discourse. Research in Curriculum Planning, 14(52), 28-34. (in persian)

    Faraji Armaki, A. (2009). Survey and Comparison of the Students' Learning Styles in Engineering and Human Development of a framwork for Investigating the Relationship Betwin Input and Prpcess Factors and Invvovation on Engineering Universities. Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, 11(42), 39-58. (in persian)

    Felix, G., & Guattari, D. (1987). A thousand plateaus: Capitalism and schizophrenia. Trans. by Massumi, B.)., University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

    Foucault, M. (1966). Les mots et les choses. Une archeologie des sciences humaines. Paris: Gallimard. Trans.: (2005) The Order of Things. An archeology of the human sciences. London: Routledge.

    Foucault, M. (1970). The order of things: An archeology of knowledge. AM Sheridan-Smith.

    Foucault, M. (1973). The Order of Things: An Archeology of the Human Sciences. ed. RD Laing New York: Vintage Books.

    Foucault, M. (2012). Discipline and punish: The birth of the prison (A. Sheridan, Trans., ). New York: Vintage Books. (1975). (1995).

    Heidegger, M. (1947/2000). Letter on Humanism”, Basic Writings, översatt från tyska av David Farrel Krell, Routledge, New York City 1993.

    Helens-Hart, R. (2015). Employability and Empowerment: Discursive Constructions of Career Planning (Doctoral dissertation, University of Kansas).

    Hemson, C. M. C. (1996). From the roots to the fruit: a qualitative case study of internship (Doctoral dissertation).

    Higdon, R. D. (2016). Employability: The missing voice: How student and graduate views could be used to develop future higher education policy and inform curricula. Power and Education, 8(2), 176-195.

    Hora, M. T., Parrott, E., & Her, P. (2020). How do students conceptualise the college internship experience? Towards a student-centred approach to designing and implementing internships. Journal of Education and Work, 33(1), 48-66.

    Hurst, J. L., & Good, L. K. (2010). A 20-year evolution of internships: Implications for retail interns, employers and educators. The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 20(1), 175-186.

    Jackson, A. Y., & Mazzei, L. (2011). Thinking with theory in qualitative research: Viewing data across multiple perspectives. Routledge.

    Mahdi, R. (2013). Formation & development of interdisciplinary in higher education: The key factors and requirements. Interdisciplinary Studies in the Humanities, 5(2), 91-117. (in persian)

    Mamica, Ł. (2021). The Co-creative University: Evaluation, Expectations and Economic Policy Implications. Routledge. Universities and Unpaid Work: Louis Althusser Re-visited

    Michael, F. (1980). Power/knowledge: Selected interviews and other writings, 1972–1977. Pantheon, New York.

    MIGUEL, A., GODOY, E. V., SILVA, M. A. D., & SANTOS, V. D. M. (2018). Curriculos de Matemática em Debate: questões para políticas educacionais e para a pesquisa em educação matemática.

    Nasiri Hamrah, A., Aghasaleh, R., Fathi Vajargah, K. (2022). (Re)conceptualizing Internship in Deleuzian Ontology. 5th European Congress of Qualitative Inquiry.

    Khoshnoodi Far, M., & Fathi Vajargah, K. (2014). Distance Education and the Internationalization of Curriculum in Higher Education. Tehran: Ayez. (in persian)

    Nasiri Hamrah, A., Aghasaleh, R., Fathi Vajargah, K. (2021). (Re)conceptualizing Internship in Deleuzian Ontology. 5th European Congress of Qualitative Inquiry, February 2022.

    O’Connor, H., & Bodicoat, M. (2017). Exploitation or opportunity? Student perceptions of internships in enhancing employability skills. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 38(4), 435-449.

    Ozman, H., & Craver, S. (2008). Philosophical Foundations of Education (Chapters 4, 5, 6, 7 and 10). )Orig. pub. 1981.)

    1. Maertz Jr, C., A. Stoeberl, P., & Marks, J. (2014). Building successful internships: lessons from the research for interns, schools, and employers. Career Development International, 19(1), 123-142.

    Quine, W. V. O. (1966). The ways of paradox, and other essays.

    Reed, K., Fadyl, J. K., Anstiss, D., & Levack, W. M. (2022). Experiences of vocational rehabilitation and support services for people living with a long term condition: qualitative systematic review. Disability and Rehabilitation, 1-9.

    Rogers, J. M. (2017). Internships as a bridge from community college into a career (Doctoral dissertation, University of Pennsylvania).

    Rezaei P, Damanabi S, Ghaderi Nansa L G N. Designing and Assessment of Apprenticeship Comprehensive Program for Health Information Technology Students. Iranian Journal of Medical Education 2017; 17 :323-334. (in persian)

    Ruggiero, D., & Boehm, J. (2016). Design and development of a learning design virtual internship program. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 17(4), 105-120.

    Sanahuja Vélez, G., & Ribes Giner, G. (2015). Effects of business internships on students, employers, and higher education institutions: A systematic review. journal of employment counseling, 52(3), 121-130.

    Sajjadi, S. M., & Imanzade, A. (2008). Challenges of Rhizomatic Space for Religious Education. Journal of Educational Sciences, 14(4), 1-20. (in persian)

    Sherbine, K. (2019). Wrestling with competency and everyday literacies in school. Journal of Language & Literacy Education, 15(2), 1.

    Sidman, S. (2007). Conflict of votes in sociology, translated by Hadi Jalili. Tehran: Ney Publishing. 

    Silva, P., Lopes, B., Costa, M., Seabra, D., Melo, A. I., Brito, E., & Dias, G. P. (2016). Stairway to employment? Internships in higher education. Higher Education, 72(6), 703-721.

    St. Pierre, E . (2011). Post qualitative research: The critique and the coming after. In Denzin, N., Lincoln, Y. S. (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of qualitative research (4th ed.,pp. 611–625). SAGE.

    St. Pierre, E. A., Jackson, A. Y., & Mazzei, L. A. (2016). New empiricisms and new materialisms: Conditions for new inquiry. Cultural Studies? Critical Methodologies, 16(2), 99-110.

    Sykes, C. L. (2016). Are baccalaureate graduates prepared for work, internship or no internship program? A qualitative exploratory inquiry (Doctoral dissertation, Capella University).

    Taylor, C. A., & Harris-Evans, J. (2018). Reconceptualising transition to higher education with Deleuze and Guattari. Studies in Higher Education, 43(7), 1254-1267.

    Van Dijk, T. A. (1997). Discourse as social interaction (Vol. 2). Sage.

    Walker, A. M. (2022) Addressing the Ghosts that Haunt US: A Re-Orientation of Time in History Education. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Georgia).

    Wang, W., Cao, Q., Qin, L., Zhang, Y., Feng, T., & Feng, L. (2019). Uncertain environment, dynamic innovation capabilities and innovation strategies: A case study on Qihoo 360. Computers in Human Behavior, 95, 284-294.

    Webb, C. D. V. P. (2011). Internships and their relationship of narrowing the gap between curricula and the insurance industry (Doctoral dissertation, Capella University).

    Wolfgram, M., & Ahrens, V. (2022). ‘One internship, two internships, three internships… more!’: exploring the culture of the multiple internship economy. Journal of Education and Work, 35(2), 139-153.

    Wright, E., & Mulvey, B. (2021). Internships and the graduate labour market: how upper-middle-class students ‘get ahead’. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 42(3), 339-356.

Journal of higher education curriculum studies
Volume 15, Issue 29
September 2024
Pages 147-173