Journal of higher education curriculum studies

Journal of higher education curriculum studies

Exploring the Lived Experiences of Iranian Higher Education Graduates Regarding the Characteristics of Inspiring Professors: A Phenomenological Study

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors
1 Department of Educational Sciences, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Arak University, Arak, Iran.
3 PhD student in Curriculum Studies, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
10.22034/hecs.2025.499180.1990
Abstract
The present study explored the experiences of Iranian higher education graduates regarding the characteristics of inspiring professors. Employing a qualitative approach and a phenomenological research strategy, this study sought to uncover the lived experiences of individuals who have encountered inspirational educators during their academic journey. The participants consisted of Ph.D. graduates from Iranian universities who are currently serving as faculty members and have attended the classes of professors they considered inspiring. In the first phase, participants were asked to identify professors whom they perceived as inspiring during their studies, leading to the compilation of a list of such professors. In the second phase, in-depth interviews were conducted to gain a deeper understanding of the graduates’ experiences. The inclusion criteria for the interviews included having sustained interaction with an inspiring professor, current faculty membership, and voluntary participation. Data saturation was achieved after interviewing sixteen participants. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze the data. Research validity was ensured through peer and participant review, and reliability was established by double-coding two interviews by external researchers. Ultimately, the findings were organized into 125 basic themes, 13 organizing themes, and 4 global themes: fostering positive psychological characteristics in education, professional ethics, professional teaching, and professorial agency. The results revealed that professors’ inspirational influence is a human and transformative phenomenon that reshapes the multidimensional development of students. Revisiting professors’ professional identity, redesigning faculty development programs, and revising recruitment and promotion criteria can facilitate the realization of this goal
Keywords
Subjects

Abrami, P. C., d’Apollina, S., & Rosenfield, S. (1997). The dimensionality of student ratings of instruction: What we know and what we do not. In R. P. Perry & J. C. Smart (Eds.), Effective teaching in higher education: Research and practice (pp. 321–367). Agathon Press.
Alshare, K. A., Al-Sholi, H. Y., Shadid, O. R., & Moqbel, M. (2024). College professor perceptions of effective professor characteristics: A cross-cultural study. Journal of Education for Business, 99(4), 237–252.
Altbach, P. G. (2002). How are faculty faring in other countries? In R. P. Chait (Ed.), The questions of tenure (pp. 160–181). Harvard University Press.
Brown, N. (2004). What makes a good educator? The relevance of Meta programmes. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 29(5), 515–533.
Buskist, W., Sikorski, J., Buckley, T., & Saville, B. K. (2013). Elements of master teaching. In S. A. McCarthy & R. J. Thompson (Eds.), The teaching of psychology (pp. 27–39). Psychology Press.
Chen, C. Y. (2015). A study showing research has been valued over teaching in higher education. Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning15(3), 15-32.
Cheng, M. (2011). ‘Transforming the learner’ versus ‘passing the exam’: Understanding the gap between academic and student definitions of quality. Quality in Higher Education, 17, 3–17.
Cotterill, S. T. (2015). Inspiring and motivating learners in higher education: The staff perspective. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 17, 5-13.
Derounian, J. (2017). Inspirational teaching in higher education: What does it look, sound and feel like?. International Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning11(1), 1-5.
Dransfield, M., Wood, M., & Su, F. (2022). Following the yellow brick road? Developing inspiring learning and teaching in the pursuit of teaching excellence in higher education. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 46(7), 972-987.
Ersoy, F., Ekşi, H., & Katılmış, A. (2024). The moral identity profiles of inspiring social studies teachers. Teaching and Teacher Education145, 1-13.
Gruber, T., Reppel, A., & Voss, R. (2010). Understanding the characteristics of effective professors: The student's perspective. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 20(2), 175-190.
Heidari, G. (2024). Scientific Analysis of Promoting University Faculty Members. Applied Scientometric Studies1(1), 7-20. [In Persian]
Hill, Y., Lomas, L., & MacGregor, J. (2003). Students’ perceptions of quality in higher education. Quality Assurance in Education, 11, 15–20.
Inan, B. (2014). A cross-cultural understanding of the characteristics of a good teacher. The Anthropologist, 18(2), 427-432.
Jensen, K., J. Adams, and K. Strickland(2014)Inspirational Teaching Beyond Excellence and Towards Collaboration for Learning with Sustained Impact. Journal of Perspectives in Applied Academic Practice, 2 (2), 37–41.
Kahu, E. R., & Nelson, K. (2018). Student engagement in the educational interface: Understanding the mechanisms of student success. Higher education research & development37(1), 58-71.
Klafke, R., De Oliveira, M. C. V., & Ferreira, J. M. (2020). The good professor: A comparison between public and private universities. Journal of Education200(1), 62-70.
Lamb, M., & Wedell, M. (2013). Inspiring English teachers: a comparative study of learner perceptions of inspirational teaching. ELT Research Papers, 13(03), 1-25.
Lammers, W., & Murphy, J.J. (2002). A profile of teaching techniques used in the university classroom. Active Learning in Higher Education, 3, 54–67.
Lincoln, D. J. (2008). Drama in the Classroom: How and Why Marketing Educators Can Use Nonverbal Communication and Enthusiasm to Build Student Rapport. Marketing Education Review, 18(3), 53–65.
Lowman, J. (1995). Mastering the techniques of teaching (2nd ed.). Jossey-Bass.
Mazzarol, T., Norman Soutar, G., & Sim Yaw Seng, M. (2003). The third wave: Future trends in international education. International Journal of Educational Management17(3), 90-99.
Menegaz, J. D., & Schubert Backes, V. M. (2015). Education for the unified health system: what do good professors do from the perspective of students?. Investigacion y educacion en enfermería33(3), 500-508.
Meyers, S. A. (2009). Do your students care whether you care about them?. College Teaching57(4), 205-210.
Morton, R. K. (1963). What Do Students Expect of a Teacher? Improving College and University Teaching, 11(1), 19–20.
Nushi, M., Momeni, A., & Roshanbin, M. (2022). Characteristics of an effective university professor from students’ perspective: Are the qualities changing? Frontiers in Education, 7, 842640.
Parmenter, L., & Robertson, N. (2022). Student perspectives on good university teachers: communication, clarity, commitment, care. European Journal of Engineering Education47(6), 852-864.
Radmehr, F., Laban, H. L. W., Overton, J., & Bakker, L. (2020). Student perceptions of effective lecturers: The need to recognise the role of ethnicity and choice of discipline. Higher Education Research & Development39(2), 302-317.
Revell, A., & Wainwright, E. (2009). What makes lectures ‘unmissable’? Insights into teaching excellence and active learning. Journal of Geography in Higher Education33(2), 209-223.
Rusu, C., Şoitu, L., & Panaite, O. (2012). The ideal teacher. Theoretical and investigative approach. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences33, 1017-1021.
Sá, M. (2020). ‘The secret to success’. Becoming a successful student in a fast-changing higher education environment. European Journal of Higher Education10(4), 420-435.
Seifert, W. E., Cleary, L. J., & Strobel, H. W. (2015). Issues in obtaining promotion. Medical Science Educator25, 75-79.
Seldin, P. (1984). Changing practices in faculty evaluation: A critical assessment and recommendations for improvement. Jossey-Bass.
Sherman, T., Armistead, L. P., Fowler, F., Barksdale, M. A., & Reif, G. (1987). The quest for excellence in university teaching. Journal of Higher Education, 58(1), 66–84.
Su, F., & Wood, M. (2012). What makes a good university lecturer? Students’ perceptions of teaching excellence. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education4(2), 142-155.
Swanson, S.R., Frankel, R., & Sagan, M. (2005). Exploring the impact of cultural differences. Marketing Education Review, 15(3), 37–48.
Sweeney, A. D., Morrison, M. D., Jarratt, D., & Heffernan, T. (2009). Modeling the constructs contributing to the effectiveness of marketing lecturers. Journal of Marketing Education31(3), 190-202.
Trigwell, K. (2001). Judging university teaching. The International Journal for Academic Development, 6(1), 65–73.
Turhan, N. S., Parlakyildiz, B., Arslan, N., Gocen, G., & BİNGO, T. Y. (2019). A research on the characteristics of the inspiring teacher. International Journal of Educational Methodology, 5(1), 1-18.
Van Dijk, E. E., van Tartwijk, J., van der Schaaf, M. F., & Kluijtmans, M. (2020). What makes an expert university teacher? A systematic review and synthesis of frameworks for teacher expertise in higher education. Educational Research Review31, 100365.
Voss, R., Gruber, T., & Szmigin, I. (2007). Service quality in higher education: The role of student expectations. Journal of Business Research, 60(9), 949–959.
Williams, L., Nixon, S., Hennessy, C., Mahon, E., & Adams, G. (2016). Inspiring to inspire: Developing teaching in higher education. Cogent Education3(1),1-12.